"Ivan IV Vasilyevich, or 'Ivan Gronzy' was the first ruler of Russia to call himself "Tsar" or Emperor King," Ghanima said briskly. "His name is synonymous in the West with torture, cruelty, and paranoia. He established a bodyguard, the Oprichniki, which has been described as Russia's first secret police. Nevertheless, many people in Russia consider him a national hero."
( A title alone may hold symbolic power, but Ivan's political revolution went further, in the process significantly altering Russia's political structure. )
"Interestingly enough, the English word terrible is usually used to translate the Russian word grozny in Ivan's nickname, but the modern English usage of terrible, with a pejorative connotation of bad or evil, does not precisely represent the intended meaning. Grozny's meaning is closer to the original usage of terrible—inspiring fear or terror, dangerous," Ghanima wrote on the board. "Formidable, threatening, or awesome. Perhaps a translation closer to the intended sense would be Ivan the Fearsome, or Ivan the Formidable." She tapped her chalk against the wall, and turned to smile at them. "Somehow, Ivan the Awesome does not quite inspire the same fear as 'Terrible' does."
( A title alone may hold symbolic power, but Ivan's political revolution went further, in the process significantly altering Russia's political structure. )
"Interestingly enough, the English word terrible is usually used to translate the Russian word grozny in Ivan's nickname, but the modern English usage of terrible, with a pejorative connotation of bad or evil, does not precisely represent the intended meaning. Grozny's meaning is closer to the original usage of terrible—inspiring fear or terror, dangerous," Ghanima wrote on the board. "Formidable, threatening, or awesome. Perhaps a translation closer to the intended sense would be Ivan the Fearsome, or Ivan the Formidable." She tapped her chalk against the wall, and turned to smile at them. "Somehow, Ivan the Awesome does not quite inspire the same fear as 'Terrible' does."